Across the world, over 8 million children are born with disabilities and chronic

medical conditions caused by congenital anomalies (birth defects), genetic disor-
ders and developmental disabilities. Birth defects like spina bifida, congenital heart

defects, orofacial clefts and club foot; genetic disorders like muscular dystrophy
and sickle cell anemia; and developmental disabilities like Down syndrome, cerebral
palsy, intellectual disability and autism are commonly encountered in community
and clinical settings. Ninety-five percent children with these conditions reside in
low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite the large numbers, birth defects
and developmental disabilities are neglected childhood conditions, under-prioritized
by public health services, especially in LMICs. Access to care is limited, so that

survivors have a poor quality of life, while parents and caregivers encounter consid-
erable financial expenditure and emotional distress in attempting to provide the best

possible care.

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